Week 2: blood groups

A blood type (also called a blood group) is a classification of blood based on the presence or absence of inherited antigenic substances on the surface of red blood cells.Blood types are inherited and represent contributions from both parents. A total of 30 human blood group systems are now recognized by the International Society of Blood Transfusion.If an individual is exposed to a blood group antigen that is not recognised as self, the immune system will produce antibodies that can specifically bind to that particular blood group antigen, and an immunological memory against that antigen is formed. The individual will have become sensitized to that blood group antigen. These antibodies can bind to antigens on the surface of transfused red blood cells, often leading to destruction of the cells by recruitment of other components of the immune system.

O+	A+					B+	AB+	O−	A−	B−	AB−
Austria	30%					33%	12%	6%	7%	8%	3%			1%
Belgium	38.1%					34%	8.5%	4.1%	7%	6%	1.5%			0.8%
Canada	39%					36%	7.6%	2.5%	7%	6%	1.4%			0.5%
Denmark	35%					37%	8%	4%	6%	7%	2%			1%
Finland	27%					38%	15%	7%	4%	6%	2%			1%
France	36%					37%	9%	3%	6%	7%	1%			1%
Germany	35%					37%	9%	4%	6%	6%	2%			1%
Hong Kong, China	40%					26%	27%	7%	0.3% <0.3%	0.3% <0.3%	0.3%<0.3%			0.3%<0.3%
Ireland	47%					26%	9%	2%	8%	5%	2%			1%
Korea, South	35.2%					28.1%	26.1%	11.3%	0.1%	0.1%	0.1%			0.05%
Netherlands	39.5%					35%	6.7%	2.5%	7.5%	7%	1.3%			0.5%
New Zealand	38%					32%	9%	3%	9%	6%	2%			1%
Norway	34%					42.5%	6.8%	3.4%	6%	7.5%	1.2%			0.6%
Poland	31%					32%	15%	7%	6%	6%	2%			1%
Sweden	32%					37%	10%	5%	6%	7%	2%			1%
Turkey	29.8%					37.8%	14.2%	7.2%	3.9%	4.7%	1.6%			0.8%
UK	37%					35%	8%	3%	7%	7%	2%			1%
USA	37.4%					35.7%	8.5%	3.4%	6.6%	6.3%	1.5%			0.6%

Fingerprints (part 2)

fingerprints (part 2):
In the 2000s, electronic fingerprint readers have been introduced for security applications such as identification of computer users . However, early devices have been discovered to be vulnerable to quite simple methods of deception, such as fake fingerprints cast in gels. In 2006, fingerprint sensors gained popularity in the notebook PC market. Built-in sensors in ThinkPads, VAIO laptops, and others also double as motion detectors for document scrolling, like the scroll wheel.

Here are my fingerprints:

Week 1-fingerprints

Week 1-fingerprints ( PART 1):

This week i will look at fingerprints.

A fingerprint is an impression of the friction ridges of all part of the finger. Fingerprint identification or palmprint identification is the process of comparing questioned and known friction skin ridge impressions from fingers or palms to determine if the impressions are from the same finger or palm. The flexibility of friction ridge skin means that no two finger or palm prints are ever exactly alike (never identical in every detail), even two impressions recorded immediately after each other. Fingerprint identification occurs when an expert determines that two friction ridge impressions originated from the same finger or palm to the exclusion of all others.

When friction ridges come in contact with a surface that is receptive to a print, material on the ridges, such as perspiration, oil, grease, ink, etc. can be transferred to the item. The factors which affect friction ridge impressions are numerous, thereby requiring examiners to undergo extensive and objective study in order to be trained to competency. Pliability of the skin, deposition pressure, slippage, the matrix, the surface, and the development medium are just some of the various factors which can cause a latent print to appear differently from the known recording of the same friction ridges. Indeed, the conditions of friction ridge deposition are unique and never duplicated.